Fuel Additives
05-11-2004 | 12:02 AM
#1
Thread Starter
Senior Member
Joined: Apr 2004
Posts: 896
From: Highways of the Midwest
This is a compilation of a thread at rx8club.com (which can be read in its entirety at http://www.rx8club.com/showthread.php?thre...5&pagenumber=1) that is extremely informative when it comes to fuel additives and the like. Some ideas ARE repeated, I did this so that i would be drilled home as some people just don't get it.
I figured that this is information everyone can learn from especially having to deal with peoples misconception of some common concepts. This is long and somtimes very technical so be prepared to read the whole thing to fully understand it all.
Xylene is the perfect gasoline.
When oil companies blend their gas, they have to mix the cheap stuff, usually 'straight run' components, with the good (high octane/expensive) stuff. It is a fine balancing act, they run as much of the cheap stuff as they can to meet the octane spec.
Xylene (and its buddy Toluene) are magnificent gasoline's. Toluene is about 114 octane, and Xylenes can be anywhere from 115 to 121, depending on the makeup of the different isomers.
Both are very high energy fuels.
(Don't confuse octane with energy potential, we mix in a lot of Butane/Propane into the gasoline because it is cheap and has a nice 94 octane, but it is an awful fuel, not dense, no oomph, results in a poor 'drivability' index, another spec we have to meet.)
You can read in various Formula 1 articles of a time when teams ran 80% toluene mixes, until that was banned.
Xylenes have lots of uses outside gasoline, as you know we can sell it for lots o'cash as paint thinner/solvent, and toluene is also worth plenty - we make it into Styrene plastic and ship it to Japan and the USA. We don't like to have to put it into the gasoline. But gas pays the bills, so if a blend comes up short on octane, in goes just enough 'X&T' to get them out of the jam.
I can assure you that one or two gallons of xylene (or toluene) to nine of good quality pump gas will do wonderful things for your power, from an octane and from an overall power point of view. Trust me, you will not get anything like it from an oil company - most 'race gas' still has Lead additives to boost the octane, not X&T.
It is also relatively simple to work out your final octane in your tank - just add the octane of the pump gas and the octane of the X/T. So 8 gals of 94 octane and 1 of 114 octane = 866, divide by 9 = 96.2 ( if there is no Lead involved, it screws up the result)
It is best to keep it less than 40% of the total, because you are also diluting the other additives, the detergents/anti-static/stability package.
And never believe the crap on the "Octane Booster" bottle - 'adds 2 to 4 octane points' - they mean points as in "point one of an octane" 12 ounces to ten gallons may make 0.1 difference (very expensively!)
Once you have 'enough' octane it becomes irrelevant.
The Octane Rating of a fuel is NOT a measure of it's ENERGY. It is a measure of the ability of the fuel to resist detonationion (knock). It is best though of as the "anti-knock" rating.
Think of it this way - put heaps of water in your fuel - it will have a very high "resistance to knock", but it wont give you much power.
Or like this - LPG has roughly the same equivalent "anti-knock" rating as AVGAS. But LPG makes less power than gasoline.
The "Octane" molecules are probably more potent than other hydrocarbons - hence the notion that more octane is more power. But the Octane Rating is not a measure of the actual octane in the fuel. It is more of a rating that equates to the anti-knock rating offered by octane molecules. They used to use lead to increase the Octane Rating. Lead isn't going to make more power. I don't even think it burns that much!
Toluene and Xylene are hydrocarbons that increase the "Octane Rating" (because the have octane molecules in them) but they also provide more energy in the combustion because of those actual octane molecules (a bigger "bang").
Octane Rating and specific power are not directly related.
>>simpleton Example:
Think of it like Koolaid. You've got some drink mix: like Tuelene, sugar like xylene, and a whole lotta water: like the remaining mix.
If you have all water and no mix or sugar, it's a crappy drink. Just like having all propane components makes a lesser octane or lesser quality "filler" for the gas. Now you add sugar and mix and the drink gets better and better. But it doesn't change the "power" of the fuel. Eventually there is a point where you cannot dissolve anymore mix or sugar called saturation (octane limit).<<
Since Xylene and Tuelene are already in fuel, adding them only increases the octane to a certain asymptotic point. All this does is help prevent detonation (pre ignition) which in a stock application may of may not help your car. But since the tuelene and xylene burn very cleanly there will be less carbon and other "junk" left behind. Imagine the boost levels you could reach that are normally octane limited!
There is a difference between the Octane rating, and the power potential. For instance, LPG can run at a higher comp. ratio because it has an Octane rating of about 110. But you get less power from it, as the calorific value is lower (the amount of energy available).
My intent was to provide 'enough' octane, so that the requirements would be well met, and we would not be invisibly losing power to the knock sensor. If Mazda specified a high octane requirement and the sensor detected incipient detonation it would retard the timing, and you would never know, other than if you noticed the missing performance. So enough is enough, any more is only making your gas 'more' resistant to detonation. You are not changing any other characteristic of the fuel.
From a power point of view though, you are definitely increasing.
You can make a fine 'high octane' gasoline with lots of C3/C4 (propane/butane, a refinery waste liquid). Lots of octane and the most miserable fuel you ever put in your tank. But xylene or toluene has lots of power, and even makes a difference in the density - average gas would be in the .76 density range, toluene is around .85 - this makes a real difference in the available power per volume (gallon).
Mixes with more than 25% X&T would probably be a little heavy for freezing weather, they would need more heat to vaporize them in the intake, conversely, they would provide a cooler intake charge on a hot day!
QUESTIONS:
>>Can I switch to Xylene, while still having remnants of Toulene in my tank?<<
xylene (actually four compounds, ortho-, meta-, para-xylene and ethylbenzene), and toluene are very similar chemically. They are both aromatics (benzene with methane stuck on them, nasty carcinogens). Xylene has a higher molecular weight and less volatility than toluene. Because of their similarities, you could blend them in any proportion and expect a linearly proportional change in the blended properties (octane, volatility, heat of combustion, air stoich ratio). There is no reactivity between them. No chance of phase separation.
Go for it.
>>What about Octane Boosters and fuel system cleaners?<<
I am pretty sure no one wants to hear a re-hash of the Octane Booster threads, you all know what is in them, and how much you would have to use to get any real effect!
The 'cleaner' additives are different however - there are two basic categories (and, of course, no way to tell which is in the jug!)
The first is the hi-tech approach; they buy drums of a 'detergent/dispersant' formula from a company like Octel, and dilute it quite a bit. You don't need much to double the amount already present in the gas. Some packages even have deposit modifiers included,that raise the 'glow point' of any deposits that remain, to prevent pre-ignition.
The other type is definitely low-tech, but also seems to work!
They contain a fraction of the crude called 'mineral spirits', heavier, almost diesel, paraffin's. Possibly a carry over from the truck driver practice of adding ATF to gasoline, but does seem to free up deposits....go figure. A downside of these fractions is their octane rating is actually negative - put enough in and you will start to 'ping'.
I figured that this is information everyone can learn from especially having to deal with peoples misconception of some common concepts. This is long and somtimes very technical so be prepared to read the whole thing to fully understand it all.
Xylene is the perfect gasoline.
When oil companies blend their gas, they have to mix the cheap stuff, usually 'straight run' components, with the good (high octane/expensive) stuff. It is a fine balancing act, they run as much of the cheap stuff as they can to meet the octane spec.
Xylene (and its buddy Toluene) are magnificent gasoline's. Toluene is about 114 octane, and Xylenes can be anywhere from 115 to 121, depending on the makeup of the different isomers.
Both are very high energy fuels.
(Don't confuse octane with energy potential, we mix in a lot of Butane/Propane into the gasoline because it is cheap and has a nice 94 octane, but it is an awful fuel, not dense, no oomph, results in a poor 'drivability' index, another spec we have to meet.)
You can read in various Formula 1 articles of a time when teams ran 80% toluene mixes, until that was banned.
Xylenes have lots of uses outside gasoline, as you know we can sell it for lots o'cash as paint thinner/solvent, and toluene is also worth plenty - we make it into Styrene plastic and ship it to Japan and the USA. We don't like to have to put it into the gasoline. But gas pays the bills, so if a blend comes up short on octane, in goes just enough 'X&T' to get them out of the jam.
I can assure you that one or two gallons of xylene (or toluene) to nine of good quality pump gas will do wonderful things for your power, from an octane and from an overall power point of view. Trust me, you will not get anything like it from an oil company - most 'race gas' still has Lead additives to boost the octane, not X&T.
It is also relatively simple to work out your final octane in your tank - just add the octane of the pump gas and the octane of the X/T. So 8 gals of 94 octane and 1 of 114 octane = 866, divide by 9 = 96.2 ( if there is no Lead involved, it screws up the result)
It is best to keep it less than 40% of the total, because you are also diluting the other additives, the detergents/anti-static/stability package.
And never believe the crap on the "Octane Booster" bottle - 'adds 2 to 4 octane points' - they mean points as in "point one of an octane" 12 ounces to ten gallons may make 0.1 difference (very expensively!)
Once you have 'enough' octane it becomes irrelevant.
The Octane Rating of a fuel is NOT a measure of it's ENERGY. It is a measure of the ability of the fuel to resist detonationion (knock). It is best though of as the "anti-knock" rating.
Think of it this way - put heaps of water in your fuel - it will have a very high "resistance to knock", but it wont give you much power.
Or like this - LPG has roughly the same equivalent "anti-knock" rating as AVGAS. But LPG makes less power than gasoline.
The "Octane" molecules are probably more potent than other hydrocarbons - hence the notion that more octane is more power. But the Octane Rating is not a measure of the actual octane in the fuel. It is more of a rating that equates to the anti-knock rating offered by octane molecules. They used to use lead to increase the Octane Rating. Lead isn't going to make more power. I don't even think it burns that much!
Toluene and Xylene are hydrocarbons that increase the "Octane Rating" (because the have octane molecules in them) but they also provide more energy in the combustion because of those actual octane molecules (a bigger "bang").
Octane Rating and specific power are not directly related.
>>simpleton Example:
Think of it like Koolaid. You've got some drink mix: like Tuelene, sugar like xylene, and a whole lotta water: like the remaining mix.
If you have all water and no mix or sugar, it's a crappy drink. Just like having all propane components makes a lesser octane or lesser quality "filler" for the gas. Now you add sugar and mix and the drink gets better and better. But it doesn't change the "power" of the fuel. Eventually there is a point where you cannot dissolve anymore mix or sugar called saturation (octane limit).<<
Since Xylene and Tuelene are already in fuel, adding them only increases the octane to a certain asymptotic point. All this does is help prevent detonation (pre ignition) which in a stock application may of may not help your car. But since the tuelene and xylene burn very cleanly there will be less carbon and other "junk" left behind. Imagine the boost levels you could reach that are normally octane limited!
There is a difference between the Octane rating, and the power potential. For instance, LPG can run at a higher comp. ratio because it has an Octane rating of about 110. But you get less power from it, as the calorific value is lower (the amount of energy available).
My intent was to provide 'enough' octane, so that the requirements would be well met, and we would not be invisibly losing power to the knock sensor. If Mazda specified a high octane requirement and the sensor detected incipient detonation it would retard the timing, and you would never know, other than if you noticed the missing performance. So enough is enough, any more is only making your gas 'more' resistant to detonation. You are not changing any other characteristic of the fuel.
From a power point of view though, you are definitely increasing.
You can make a fine 'high octane' gasoline with lots of C3/C4 (propane/butane, a refinery waste liquid). Lots of octane and the most miserable fuel you ever put in your tank. But xylene or toluene has lots of power, and even makes a difference in the density - average gas would be in the .76 density range, toluene is around .85 - this makes a real difference in the available power per volume (gallon).
Mixes with more than 25% X&T would probably be a little heavy for freezing weather, they would need more heat to vaporize them in the intake, conversely, they would provide a cooler intake charge on a hot day!
QUESTIONS:
>>Can I switch to Xylene, while still having remnants of Toulene in my tank?<<
xylene (actually four compounds, ortho-, meta-, para-xylene and ethylbenzene), and toluene are very similar chemically. They are both aromatics (benzene with methane stuck on them, nasty carcinogens). Xylene has a higher molecular weight and less volatility than toluene. Because of their similarities, you could blend them in any proportion and expect a linearly proportional change in the blended properties (octane, volatility, heat of combustion, air stoich ratio). There is no reactivity between them. No chance of phase separation.
Go for it.
>>What about Octane Boosters and fuel system cleaners?<<
I am pretty sure no one wants to hear a re-hash of the Octane Booster threads, you all know what is in them, and how much you would have to use to get any real effect!
The 'cleaner' additives are different however - there are two basic categories (and, of course, no way to tell which is in the jug!)
The first is the hi-tech approach; they buy drums of a 'detergent/dispersant' formula from a company like Octel, and dilute it quite a bit. You don't need much to double the amount already present in the gas. Some packages even have deposit modifiers included,that raise the 'glow point' of any deposits that remain, to prevent pre-ignition.
The other type is definitely low-tech, but also seems to work!
They contain a fraction of the crude called 'mineral spirits', heavier, almost diesel, paraffin's. Possibly a carry over from the truck driver practice of adding ATF to gasoline, but does seem to free up deposits....go figure. A downside of these fractions is their octane rating is actually negative - put enough in and you will start to 'ping'.
05-11-2004 | 03:58 AM
#6
Senior Member
Joined: Nov 2002
Posts: 3,108
Product Name: Xylene
Product Code: 134B
Product Description: A mixture of ortho, para and meta dimethylbenzene.
Health 2
Flammability 4
Reactivity 1
Physical Hazard None
Section 1 - Shipping Data
DOT Shipping Name:* Xylene Tel. # for information: (310) 829-4304
DOT Hazard Class: Flammable liquid Emergency Tel. #: (800) 424-9300
DOT Identification: UN 1307 Prepared by: P.B.
Section 2 - Hazardous Ingredients / Identity Information
CHEMICAL COMPONENTS CAS# % v/v OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other Limits
xylene 1330-20-7 100% 100 ppm TWA 100 ppm TWA 150 ppm STEL
Section 3 - Physical / Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point: 138-144° C Specific Gravity (H20 = 1): 0.87
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg and Temperature): 5.1 mm @ 20° C Evaporation Rate ( water= 1): 0.9
Vapor Density (AIR=1): 3.6 Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Appearance and Odor: Clear or slightly yellow, mobile liquid. Characteristic xylene odor.
Section 4 - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Method Used): 27-32° C (TCC) Flammability Limits: LEL 1% UEL 7%
Extinguishing Media: Alcohol type foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Water is ineffective against xylene fires but may be used to cool adjacent containers.
Unusual Fire and Explosive Hazards: Pyrolysis will release toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and benzene.
Section 5 - Reactivity Data
Stability: Stable Conditions to Avoid: Heat and flame
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Store away from oxidizers.
Precautions to be taken in Handling and Storage: Store at room temperature.
Section 6 - Health Hazard Data
Routes of Entry Inhalation? Skin Absorption? Ingestion?
yes yes yes
Carcinogenicity? NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated?
no no no yes
Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic): Vapor is irritating to nose and throat. Prolonged exposure may cause pulmonary edema. Skin cantact causes local defatting of the skin which will cause irritation and chaffing. Long term exposure may cause CNS disturbance and damage to the liver and kidneys.
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure: Symptoms of overexposure include; CNS disturbance, dizziness, headache, stupor, coma and death.
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Impaired kidney and liver function may be aggravated. Preexisting eye, skin and respiratory conditions may also be aggravated.
Emergency and First Aid Procedures:
Seek medical assistance for further treatment, observation and support if necessary.
Eye Contact: Flush with water for at least 15 minutes and get medical attention.
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing and flush skin with water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Get immediate medical attention even if symptoms improve.
Section 7 - Precautions For Safe Handling and Use
Steps to be Taken In Case of Spill Or Release: Remove all sources of ignition. Absorb with a suitable absorbent (such as a paper towel) and dispose.
Waste Disposal Methods: The preferred disposal method is incineration. Small quantities may often be evaporated in a fume hood. Many localities restrict the amount of methanol that may be flushed down the drain. Insure compliance with all government regulations.
Section 8- Control Measures
Respiratory Protection (Specify Type): Use local exhaust..
Ventilation: Chemical fume hoods are recommended.
Protective Gloves: Plastic or rubber gloves impervious to xylene are recommended
Eye Protection: Laboratory safety goggles or similar products are recommended.
Other Protective Clothing And Equipment: Usually not required.
Hygienic Work Practices: Wash well after handling, especially before eating and smoking.
Product Code: 134B
Product Description: A mixture of ortho, para and meta dimethylbenzene.
Health 2
Flammability 4
Reactivity 1
Physical Hazard None
Section 1 - Shipping Data
DOT Shipping Name:* Xylene Tel. # for information: (310) 829-4304
DOT Hazard Class: Flammable liquid Emergency Tel. #: (800) 424-9300
DOT Identification: UN 1307 Prepared by: P.B.
Section 2 - Hazardous Ingredients / Identity Information
CHEMICAL COMPONENTS CAS# % v/v OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other Limits
xylene 1330-20-7 100% 100 ppm TWA 100 ppm TWA 150 ppm STEL
Section 3 - Physical / Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point: 138-144° C Specific Gravity (H20 = 1): 0.87
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg and Temperature): 5.1 mm @ 20° C Evaporation Rate ( water= 1): 0.9
Vapor Density (AIR=1): 3.6 Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Appearance and Odor: Clear or slightly yellow, mobile liquid. Characteristic xylene odor.
Section 4 - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Method Used): 27-32° C (TCC) Flammability Limits: LEL 1% UEL 7%
Extinguishing Media: Alcohol type foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Water is ineffective against xylene fires but may be used to cool adjacent containers.
Unusual Fire and Explosive Hazards: Pyrolysis will release toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and benzene.
Section 5 - Reactivity Data
Stability: Stable Conditions to Avoid: Heat and flame
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Store away from oxidizers.
Precautions to be taken in Handling and Storage: Store at room temperature.
Section 6 - Health Hazard Data
Routes of Entry Inhalation? Skin Absorption? Ingestion?
yes yes yes
Carcinogenicity? NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated?
no no no yes
Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic): Vapor is irritating to nose and throat. Prolonged exposure may cause pulmonary edema. Skin cantact causes local defatting of the skin which will cause irritation and chaffing. Long term exposure may cause CNS disturbance and damage to the liver and kidneys.
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure: Symptoms of overexposure include; CNS disturbance, dizziness, headache, stupor, coma and death.
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Impaired kidney and liver function may be aggravated. Preexisting eye, skin and respiratory conditions may also be aggravated.
Emergency and First Aid Procedures:
Seek medical assistance for further treatment, observation and support if necessary.
Eye Contact: Flush with water for at least 15 minutes and get medical attention.
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing and flush skin with water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Get immediate medical attention even if symptoms improve.
Section 7 - Precautions For Safe Handling and Use
Steps to be Taken In Case of Spill Or Release: Remove all sources of ignition. Absorb with a suitable absorbent (such as a paper towel) and dispose.
Waste Disposal Methods: The preferred disposal method is incineration. Small quantities may often be evaporated in a fume hood. Many localities restrict the amount of methanol that may be flushed down the drain. Insure compliance with all government regulations.
Section 8- Control Measures
Respiratory Protection (Specify Type): Use local exhaust..
Ventilation: Chemical fume hoods are recommended.
Protective Gloves: Plastic or rubber gloves impervious to xylene are recommended
Eye Protection: Laboratory safety goggles or similar products are recommended.
Other Protective Clothing And Equipment: Usually not required.
Hygienic Work Practices: Wash well after handling, especially before eating and smoking.
05-11-2004 | 04:02 AM
#7
Senior Member
Joined: Nov 2002
Posts: 3,108
TOLUENE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Product Identification
Synonyms: Methylbenzene; Toluol; Phenylmethane
CAS No.: 108-88-3
Molecular Weight: 92.14
Chemical Formula: C6H5-CH3
Product Codes:
J.T. Baker: 5375, 5584, 5809, 5812, 9336, 9351, 9364, 9456, 9457, 9459, 9460, 9462, 9466, 9472, 9476
Mallinckrodt: 4483, 8091, 8092, 8604, 8608, 8610, 8611, V560
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Composition/Information on Ingredients
Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous
--------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------
Toluene 108-88-3 100% Yes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Hazards Identification
Emergency Overview
--------------------------
POISON! DANGER! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED. HARMFUL IF INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. VAPOR HARMFUL. FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR. MAY AFFECT LIVER, KIDNEYS, BLOOD SYSTEM, OR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT.
J.T. Baker SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided here for your convenience)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health Rating: 2 - Moderate
Flammability Rating: 3 - Severe (Flammable)
Reactivity Rating: 0 - None
Contact Rating: 1 - Slight
Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES; LAB COAT; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES; CLASS B EXTINGUISHER
Storage Color Code: Red (Flammable)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Potential Health Effects
----------------------------------
Inhalation:
Inhalation may cause irritation of the upper respiratory tract. Symptoms of overexposure may include fatigue, confusion, headache, dizziness and drowsiness. Peculiar skin sensations (e. g. pins and needles) or numbness may be produced. Very high concentrations may cause unconsciousness and death.
Ingestion:
Swallowing may cause abdominal spasms and other symptoms that parallel over-exposure from inhalation. Aspiration of material into the lungs can cause chemical pneumonitis, which may be fatal.
Skin Contact:
Causes irritation. May be absorbed through skin.
Eye Contact:
Causes severe eye irritation with redness and pain.
Chronic Exposure:
Reports of chronic poisoning describe anemia, decreased blood cell count and bone marrow hypoplasia. Liver and kidney damage may occur. Repeated or prolonged contact has a defatting action, causing drying, redness, dermatitis. Exposure to toluene may affect the developing fetus.
Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions:
Persons with pre-existing skin disorders or impaired liver or kidney function may be more susceptible to the effects of this substance. Alcoholic beverage consumption can enhance the toxic effects of this substance.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. First Aid Measures
Inhalation:
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. CALL A PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY.
Ingestion:
Aspiration hazard. If swallowed, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Give large quantities of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately. If vomiting occurs, keep head below hips to prevent aspiration into lungs.
Skin Contact:
In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Call a physician immediately.
Eye Contact:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Fire Fighting Measures
Fire:
Flash point: 7C (45F) CC
Autoignition temperature: 422C (792F)
Flammable limits in air % by volume:
lel: 3.3; uel: 19
Flammable liquid and vapor!
Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition source and flash back.
Explosion:
Above flash point, vapor-air mixtures are explosive within flammable limits noted above. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire or explosion. Sensitive to static discharge.
Fire Extinguishing Media:
Dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide. Water may be used to flush spills away from exposures and to dilute spills to non-flammable mixtures.
Special Information:
In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Water spray may be used to keep fire exposed containers cool.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Accidental Release Measures
Ventilate area of leak or spill. Remove all sources of ignition. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in Section 8. Isolate hazard area. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Contain and recover liquid when possible. Use non-sparking tools and equipment. Collect liquid in an appropriate container or absorb with an inert material (e. g., vermiculite, dry sand, earth), and place in a chemical waste container. Do not use combustible materials, such as saw dust. Do not flush to sewer! If a leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse the vapors, to protect personnel attempting to stop leak, and to flush spills away from exposures. US Regulations (CERCLA) require reporting spills and releases to soil, water and air in excess of reportable quantities. The toll free number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is (800) 424-8802.
J. T. Baker SOLUSORB® solvent adsorbent is recommended for spills of this product.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Handling and Storage
Protect against physical damage. Store in a cool, dry well-ventilated location, away from any area where the fire hazard may be acute. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from incompatibles. Containers should be bonded and grounded for transfers to avoid static sparks. Storage and use areas should be No Smoking areas. Use non-sparking type tools and equipment, including explosion proof ventilation. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (vapors, liquid); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Airborne Exposure Limits:
Toluene:
- OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL):
200 ppm (TWA); 300 ppm (acceptable ceiling conc.); 500 ppm (maximum conc.).
- ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV):
50 ppm (TWA) skin, A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen.
Ventilation System:
A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details.
Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved):
If the exposure limit is exceeded and engineering controls are not feasible, a half-face organic vapor respirator may be worn for up to ten times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. A full-face piece organic vapor respirator may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face piece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres.
Skin Protection:
Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact.
Eye Protection:
Use chemical safety goggles and/or a full face shield where splashing is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance:
Clear, colorless liquid.
Odor:
Aromatic benzene-like.
Solubility:
0.05 gm/100gm water @ 20C (68F).
Specific Gravity:
0.86 @ 20C / 4 C
pH:
No information found.
% Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F):
100
Boiling Point:
111C (232F)
Melting Point:
-95C (-139F)
Vapor Density (Air=1):
3.14
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg):
22 @ 20C (68F)
Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1):
2.24
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Stability and Reactivity
Stability:
Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. Containers may burst when heated.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide may form when heated to decomposition.
Hazardous Polymerization:
Will not occur.
Incompatibilities:
Heat, flame, strong oxidizers, nitric and sulfuric acids, chlorine, nitrogen tetraoxide; will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, coatings.
Conditions to Avoid:
Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Toxicological Information
Toxicological Data:
Oral rat LD50: 636 mg/kg; skin rabbit LD50: 14100 uL/kg; inhalation rat LC50: 49 gm/m3/4H; Irritation data: skin rabbit, 500 mg, Moderate; eye rabbit, 2 mg/24H, Severe. Investigated as a tumorigen, mutagen, reproductive effector.
Reproductive Toxicity:
Has shown some evidence of reproductive effects in laboratory animals.
--------\Cancer Lists\------------------------------------------------------
---NTP Carcinogen---
Ingredient Known Anticipated IARC Category
------------------------------------ ----- ----------- -------------
Toluene (108-88-3) No No 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Ecological Information
Environmental Fate:
When released into the soil, this material may evaporate to a moderate extent. When released into the soil, this material is expected to leach into groundwater. When released into the soil, this material may biodegrade to a moderate extent. When released into water, this material may evaporate to a moderate extent. When released into water, this material may biodegrade to a moderate extent. When released into the air, this material may be moderately degraded by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. When released into the air, this material is expected to have a half-life of less than 1 day. This material is not expected to significantly bioaccumulate. This material has a log octanol-water partition coefficient of less than 3.0. Bioconcentration factor = 13.2 (eels).
Environmental Toxicity:
This material is expected to be toxic to aquatic life. The LC50/96-hour values for fish are between 10 and 100 mg/l.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Disposal Considerations
Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be handled as hazardous waste and sent to a RCRA approved incinerator or disposed in a RCRA approved waste facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. Transport Information
Domestic (Land, D.O.T.)
-----------------------
Proper Shipping Name: TOLUENE
Hazard Class: 3
UN/NA: UN1294
Packing Group: II
Information reported for product/size: 390LB
International (Water, I.M.O.)
-----------------------------
Proper Shipping Name: TOLUENE
Hazard Class: 3
UN/NA: UN1294
Packing Group: II
Information reported for product/size: 390LB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. Regulatory Information
--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 1\---------------------------------
Ingredient TSCA EC Japan Australia
----------------------------------------------- ---- --- ----- ---------
Toluene (108-88-3) Yes Yes Yes Yes
--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 2\---------------------------------
--Canada--
Ingredient Korea DSL NDSL Phil.
----------------------------------------------- ----- --- ---- -----
Toluene (108-88-3) Yes Yes No Yes
--------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\----------------
-SARA 302- ------SARA 313------
Ingredient RQ TPQ List Chemical Catg.
----------------------------------------- --- ----- ---- --------------
Toluene (108-88-3) No No Yes No
--------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\----------------
-RCRA- -TSCA-
Ingredient CERCLA 261.33 8(d)
----------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------
Toluene (108-88-3) 1000 U220 No
Chemical Weapons Convention: No TSCA 12(b): No CDTA: Yes
SARA 311/312: Acute: Yes Chronic: Yes Fire: Yes Pressure: No
Reactivity: No (Pure / Liquid)
WARNING:
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS A CHEMICAL(S) KNOWN TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA TO CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS OR OTHER REPRODUCTIVE HARM.
Australian Hazchem Code: 3[Y]E
Poison Schedule: S6
WHMIS:
This MSDS has been prepared according to the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. Other Information
NFPA Ratings: Health: 2 Flammability: 3 Reactivity: 0
Label Hazard Warning:
POISON! DANGER! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED. HARMFUL IF INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. VAPOR HARMFUL. FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR. MAY AFFECT LIVER, KIDNEYS, BLOOD SYSTEM, OR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT.
Label Precautions:
Keep away from heat, sparks and flame.
Keep container closed.
Use only with adequate ventilation.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Avoid breathing vapor.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing.
Label First Aid:
Aspiration hazard. If swallowed, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Give large quantities of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If vomiting occurs, keep head below hips to prevent aspiration into lungs. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. In all cases call a physician immediately.
Product Use:
Laboratory Reagent.
Revision Information:
MSDS Section(s) changed since last revision of document include: 8.
Disclaimer:
************************************************** ******************************
***************
Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. provides the information contained herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose. MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION SET FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE INFORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS INFORMATION.
************************************************** ******************************
***************
Prepared by: Environmental Health & Safety
Phone Number: (314) 654-1600 (U.S.A.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Product Identification
Synonyms: Methylbenzene; Toluol; Phenylmethane
CAS No.: 108-88-3
Molecular Weight: 92.14
Chemical Formula: C6H5-CH3
Product Codes:
J.T. Baker: 5375, 5584, 5809, 5812, 9336, 9351, 9364, 9456, 9457, 9459, 9460, 9462, 9466, 9472, 9476
Mallinckrodt: 4483, 8091, 8092, 8604, 8608, 8610, 8611, V560
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Composition/Information on Ingredients
Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous
--------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------
Toluene 108-88-3 100% Yes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Hazards Identification
Emergency Overview
--------------------------
POISON! DANGER! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED. HARMFUL IF INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. VAPOR HARMFUL. FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR. MAY AFFECT LIVER, KIDNEYS, BLOOD SYSTEM, OR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT.
J.T. Baker SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided here for your convenience)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health Rating: 2 - Moderate
Flammability Rating: 3 - Severe (Flammable)
Reactivity Rating: 0 - None
Contact Rating: 1 - Slight
Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES; LAB COAT; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES; CLASS B EXTINGUISHER
Storage Color Code: Red (Flammable)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Potential Health Effects
----------------------------------
Inhalation:
Inhalation may cause irritation of the upper respiratory tract. Symptoms of overexposure may include fatigue, confusion, headache, dizziness and drowsiness. Peculiar skin sensations (e. g. pins and needles) or numbness may be produced. Very high concentrations may cause unconsciousness and death.
Ingestion:
Swallowing may cause abdominal spasms and other symptoms that parallel over-exposure from inhalation. Aspiration of material into the lungs can cause chemical pneumonitis, which may be fatal.
Skin Contact:
Causes irritation. May be absorbed through skin.
Eye Contact:
Causes severe eye irritation with redness and pain.
Chronic Exposure:
Reports of chronic poisoning describe anemia, decreased blood cell count and bone marrow hypoplasia. Liver and kidney damage may occur. Repeated or prolonged contact has a defatting action, causing drying, redness, dermatitis. Exposure to toluene may affect the developing fetus.
Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions:
Persons with pre-existing skin disorders or impaired liver or kidney function may be more susceptible to the effects of this substance. Alcoholic beverage consumption can enhance the toxic effects of this substance.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. First Aid Measures
Inhalation:
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. CALL A PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY.
Ingestion:
Aspiration hazard. If swallowed, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Give large quantities of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately. If vomiting occurs, keep head below hips to prevent aspiration into lungs.
Skin Contact:
In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Call a physician immediately.
Eye Contact:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Fire Fighting Measures
Fire:
Flash point: 7C (45F) CC
Autoignition temperature: 422C (792F)
Flammable limits in air % by volume:
lel: 3.3; uel: 19
Flammable liquid and vapor!
Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition source and flash back.
Explosion:
Above flash point, vapor-air mixtures are explosive within flammable limits noted above. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire or explosion. Sensitive to static discharge.
Fire Extinguishing Media:
Dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide. Water may be used to flush spills away from exposures and to dilute spills to non-flammable mixtures.
Special Information:
In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Water spray may be used to keep fire exposed containers cool.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Accidental Release Measures
Ventilate area of leak or spill. Remove all sources of ignition. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in Section 8. Isolate hazard area. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Contain and recover liquid when possible. Use non-sparking tools and equipment. Collect liquid in an appropriate container or absorb with an inert material (e. g., vermiculite, dry sand, earth), and place in a chemical waste container. Do not use combustible materials, such as saw dust. Do not flush to sewer! If a leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse the vapors, to protect personnel attempting to stop leak, and to flush spills away from exposures. US Regulations (CERCLA) require reporting spills and releases to soil, water and air in excess of reportable quantities. The toll free number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is (800) 424-8802.
J. T. Baker SOLUSORB® solvent adsorbent is recommended for spills of this product.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Handling and Storage
Protect against physical damage. Store in a cool, dry well-ventilated location, away from any area where the fire hazard may be acute. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from incompatibles. Containers should be bonded and grounded for transfers to avoid static sparks. Storage and use areas should be No Smoking areas. Use non-sparking type tools and equipment, including explosion proof ventilation. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (vapors, liquid); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Airborne Exposure Limits:
Toluene:
- OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL):
200 ppm (TWA); 300 ppm (acceptable ceiling conc.); 500 ppm (maximum conc.).
- ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV):
50 ppm (TWA) skin, A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen.
Ventilation System:
A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details.
Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved):
If the exposure limit is exceeded and engineering controls are not feasible, a half-face organic vapor respirator may be worn for up to ten times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. A full-face piece organic vapor respirator may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face piece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres.
Skin Protection:
Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact.
Eye Protection:
Use chemical safety goggles and/or a full face shield where splashing is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance:
Clear, colorless liquid.
Odor:
Aromatic benzene-like.
Solubility:
0.05 gm/100gm water @ 20C (68F).
Specific Gravity:
0.86 @ 20C / 4 C
pH:
No information found.
% Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F):
100
Boiling Point:
111C (232F)
Melting Point:
-95C (-139F)
Vapor Density (Air=1):
3.14
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg):
22 @ 20C (68F)
Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1):
2.24
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Stability and Reactivity
Stability:
Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. Containers may burst when heated.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide may form when heated to decomposition.
Hazardous Polymerization:
Will not occur.
Incompatibilities:
Heat, flame, strong oxidizers, nitric and sulfuric acids, chlorine, nitrogen tetraoxide; will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, coatings.
Conditions to Avoid:
Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Toxicological Information
Toxicological Data:
Oral rat LD50: 636 mg/kg; skin rabbit LD50: 14100 uL/kg; inhalation rat LC50: 49 gm/m3/4H; Irritation data: skin rabbit, 500 mg, Moderate; eye rabbit, 2 mg/24H, Severe. Investigated as a tumorigen, mutagen, reproductive effector.
Reproductive Toxicity:
Has shown some evidence of reproductive effects in laboratory animals.
--------\Cancer Lists\------------------------------------------------------
---NTP Carcinogen---
Ingredient Known Anticipated IARC Category
------------------------------------ ----- ----------- -------------
Toluene (108-88-3) No No 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Ecological Information
Environmental Fate:
When released into the soil, this material may evaporate to a moderate extent. When released into the soil, this material is expected to leach into groundwater. When released into the soil, this material may biodegrade to a moderate extent. When released into water, this material may evaporate to a moderate extent. When released into water, this material may biodegrade to a moderate extent. When released into the air, this material may be moderately degraded by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. When released into the air, this material is expected to have a half-life of less than 1 day. This material is not expected to significantly bioaccumulate. This material has a log octanol-water partition coefficient of less than 3.0. Bioconcentration factor = 13.2 (eels).
Environmental Toxicity:
This material is expected to be toxic to aquatic life. The LC50/96-hour values for fish are between 10 and 100 mg/l.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Disposal Considerations
Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be handled as hazardous waste and sent to a RCRA approved incinerator or disposed in a RCRA approved waste facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. Transport Information
Domestic (Land, D.O.T.)
-----------------------
Proper Shipping Name: TOLUENE
Hazard Class: 3
UN/NA: UN1294
Packing Group: II
Information reported for product/size: 390LB
International (Water, I.M.O.)
-----------------------------
Proper Shipping Name: TOLUENE
Hazard Class: 3
UN/NA: UN1294
Packing Group: II
Information reported for product/size: 390LB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. Regulatory Information
--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 1\---------------------------------
Ingredient TSCA EC Japan Australia
----------------------------------------------- ---- --- ----- ---------
Toluene (108-88-3) Yes Yes Yes Yes
--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 2\---------------------------------
--Canada--
Ingredient Korea DSL NDSL Phil.
----------------------------------------------- ----- --- ---- -----
Toluene (108-88-3) Yes Yes No Yes
--------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\----------------
-SARA 302- ------SARA 313------
Ingredient RQ TPQ List Chemical Catg.
----------------------------------------- --- ----- ---- --------------
Toluene (108-88-3) No No Yes No
--------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\----------------
-RCRA- -TSCA-
Ingredient CERCLA 261.33 8(d)
----------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------
Toluene (108-88-3) 1000 U220 No
Chemical Weapons Convention: No TSCA 12(b): No CDTA: Yes
SARA 311/312: Acute: Yes Chronic: Yes Fire: Yes Pressure: No
Reactivity: No (Pure / Liquid)
WARNING:
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS A CHEMICAL(S) KNOWN TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA TO CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS OR OTHER REPRODUCTIVE HARM.
Australian Hazchem Code: 3[Y]E
Poison Schedule: S6
WHMIS:
This MSDS has been prepared according to the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. Other Information
NFPA Ratings: Health: 2 Flammability: 3 Reactivity: 0
Label Hazard Warning:
POISON! DANGER! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED. HARMFUL IF INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. VAPOR HARMFUL. FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR. MAY AFFECT LIVER, KIDNEYS, BLOOD SYSTEM, OR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT.
Label Precautions:
Keep away from heat, sparks and flame.
Keep container closed.
Use only with adequate ventilation.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Avoid breathing vapor.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing.
Label First Aid:
Aspiration hazard. If swallowed, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Give large quantities of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If vomiting occurs, keep head below hips to prevent aspiration into lungs. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. In all cases call a physician immediately.
Product Use:
Laboratory Reagent.
Revision Information:
MSDS Section(s) changed since last revision of document include: 8.
Disclaimer:
************************************************** ******************************
***************
Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. provides the information contained herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose. MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION SET FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE INFORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS INFORMATION.
************************************************** ******************************
***************
Prepared by: Environmental Health & Safety
Phone Number: (314) 654-1600 (U.S.A.)
05-11-2004 | 10:40 AM
#8
Thread Starter
Senior Member
Joined: Apr 2004
Posts: 896
From: Highways of the Midwest
since tuolene and xylene have more energy potential....... wouldnt you have to retune the car for that certain mixture?
great summary! so what's the difference between buying race gas and putting some xylene in with your regular unleaded?
Race gas is still just plain gas but with a lower addative to gas ratio, but as the above post says, a lot of race gas uses lead and other addatives to boost the octane rating. like 110 lowlead for aircraft. By adding just Xylene or Toluene you are adding a type fuel with higher energy potential than normal gas, it just so happens to also have a higher octane rating.
